Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis in children: a systematic literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56183/iberojhr.v4i1.628Palavras-chave:
allergic rhinitis. sublingual immunotherapy. children. literature review.Resumo
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting the nasal mucosa, predominantly mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and affecting up to 40% of the global population. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in treating pediatric AR, a preferred alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) due to its non-invasive administration and reduced risk of severe adverse reactions. A systematic review of the literature up to June 2023 was conducted, including studies focusing on pediatric populations and examining long-term outcomes, safety profiles, and clinical effectiveness of SLIT. The findings reveal that SLIT is effective in reducing AR symptoms, medication usage, and improving quality of life in children, with a better safety profile compared to SCIT. Long-term SLIT treatment induces significant immunological changes, promoting a shift from IgE to IgG4, and increases in regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta. Although some discrepancies exist in the efficacy results, particularly with low-dose allergen administration, the overall evidence supports SLIT as a safe and effective treatment for pediatric AR. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and to better understand the long-term benefits and mechanisms of SLIT in this population.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Yasser Garcia Jaramillo, Echenique Aquino Yuraima de Jesús, Lismey Dayanara Mena Sivinta, Valeria Esther Zambrano Cabezas, Paola Estefanía Naranjo Castro, Alejandra Carolina Carrion Cardenas
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