Impacto en la morbimortalidad en niños de 1 a 5 años con Covid-19 en unidades críticas: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56183/iberojhr.v4is.631Palavras-chave:
Mortalidad. Enfermedad. Niño. Pandemia. Unidad Sanitaria.Resumo
Los niños constituyen un grupo vulnerable cuyo análisis en cuanto a morbimortalidad en unidades críticas es crucial para comprender la gravedad del COVID-19 en esta franja etaria. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar las principales causas de morbimortalidad en niños de 1 a 5 años debido al COVID-19 entre 2020 y 2023 en Unidades de Cuidados Críticos, identificando factores de riesgo significativos, describiendo patologías frecuentes y evaluando estrategias de prevención aplicadas en estos pacientes críticamente enfermos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática con un enfoque descriptivo y cualitativo, utilizando las bases de datos Scopus y PubMed siguiendo los criterios PRISMA. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, y se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo en los estudios seleccionados utilizando la herramienta STROBE. Se emplearon técnicas sistemáticas para la integración de resultados. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia crítica de varios factores de riesgo, como disparidades étnicas, variantes virales, complicaciones, el Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico en Niños (MIS-C), comorbilidades y la eficacia de las vacunas en la morbimortalidad pediátrica por COVID-19. Estos factores han contribuido significativamente a las altas tasas de hospitalización, ingresos en cuidados intensivos y mortalidad en este grupo etario. Financiamiento y conflictos de interés: Este análisis bibliográfico no recibió financiamiento externo y los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés relacionados con el tema investigado.
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