Diagnóstico y manejo de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica estable
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56183/iberojhr.v4i2.666Palavras-chave:
EPOC; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, espirometría, diagnóstico de EPOC; manejo de EPOCResumo
La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) representa una disminución irreversible del flujo de aire en los pulmones y puede progresar a un estado grave que impida la participación en actividades normales. Evaluar con precisión el riesgo de obstrucción es vital, ya que, pese a los criterios diagnósticos proporcionados por entidades como GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) y otras, la EPOC sigue infradiagnosticada. La enfermedad afecta tanto a hombres como a mujeres. A medida que su incidencia crece, también lo hace el reconocimiento de las comorbilidades sistémicas asociadas. Recientes reportes desafían el uso de espirometría en individuos asintomáticos. Aun así, detectar EPOC tempranamente en individuos con pocos o ningún síntoma es crucial para aplicar un tratamiento adecuado, siguiendo las guías establecidas. Esto es aún más relevante, considerando que alrededor del 10% de las personas mayores de 40 años padece EPOC, con prevalencia creciente con la edad. El tratamiento se basa en una evaluación multidimensional, que incluye la espirometría tras el uso de broncodilatadores y la herramienta "ABE" de GOLD para evaluar síntomas y riesgo de exacerbación. Las terapias se ajustan en visitas de seguimiento según el control de síntomas y eventos agudos.
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Copyright (c) 2024 María José Valladares Suquilanda, Klever Darío Cadena Sánchez, Karla Cecibel Avila Guazha, Michelle Doménica Idrovo González, Lirys Yulexi Feijoó Rojas, Karen Vanessa Acosta Salazar, Heidy Andreina Chariguaman Coello, María del Cisne Iñiguez Naranjo
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
