Otago exercises adapted to balance to manage the risk of falls in the elderly
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56183/iberojhr.v4is.693Palavras-chave:
exercise therapy; postural balance; risk factors; accidental falls; agedResumo
(1) Background: Balance impairment is one of the main factors interfering with the increased risk of falls in the elderly. Between 28% and 35% of people over 64 years of age suffer falls each year and their incidence increases as they age. It has been shown that the use of Otago exercises (OE) reduces the risk of falls in this population. (2) Methods: The Otago exercise program (OEP) adapted to balance developed an initial 5-minute walk, warm-up exercises, flexibility, muscle activation, strength and balance. Two sessions per week were applied for 12 weeks and the approximate time of each intervention was 45 minutes. A pre and post evaluation was performed with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Single leg stance test (SLST) to measure the risk of falls. (3) Results: the final TUG showed that the high risk of falls present in 20% of participants was eliminated and the slight risk of falls decreased by 12%. The SLST revealed that 64% of the participants no longer presented a risk of falls. The applied T-STUDENT statistical test obtained a p-value<0.001 in both evaluations. (4) Conclusions: It was concluded that the balance-adapted OEP significantly decreased the risk of falls in the older adults.
Referências
Almarzouki, R., Bains, G., Lohman, E., Bradley, B., Nelson, T., Alqabbani, S., Alonazi, A., & Daher, N. (2020). Improved balance in middle-aged adults after 8 weeks of a modified version of otago exercise program: A randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 15(7), 0235734.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235734
Barry, E., Galvin, R., Keogh, C., Horgan, F., & Fahey, T. (2014). Is the timed up and go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC geriatrics, (14), 14.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-14-14
Buisseret, F., Catinus, L., Grenard, R., Jojczyk, L., Fievez, D., Barvaux, V., & Dierick, F. (2020). Timed up and go and six-minute walking tests with wearable inertial sensor: One step further for the prediction of the risk of fall in elderly nursing home people. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 20(11), 3207.https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113207
Campoverde, J., González, J., & Pérez, G. (2022). Risk of falls in older adults in the rural region case study paccha Cuenca, Ecuador. International conference on information and communication technologies for aging well and e-health, ICT4AWE, 204-212.https://doi.org/10.5220/0011000600003188
Cederbom, S., & Arkkukangas, M. (2019). Impact of the fall prevention otago exercise program on pain among community-dwelling older adults: A short- and long-term follow-up study. Clinical interventions in aging, (14), 721–726.https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S200188
Christopher, A., Kraft, E., Olenick, H., Kiesling, R., & Doty, A. (2021). The reliability and validity of the timed up and go as a clinical tool in individuals with and without disabilities across a lifespan: A systematic review. Disability and rehabilitation, 43(13), 1799–1813.https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1682066
Espejo-Antúnez, L., Pérez-Mármol, J., Cardero-Durán, M., Toledo-Marhuenda, J., & Albornoz-Cabello, M. (2020). The effect of proprioceptive exercises on balance and physical function in institutionalized older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 101(10), 1780–1788.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.010
Jahanpeyma, P., Kayhan, F., Yıldırım, Y., Şahin, S., & Şenuzun, F. (2021). Effects of the Otago exercise program on falls, balance, and physical performance in older nursing home residents with high fall risk: A randomized controlled trial. European geriatric medicine, 12(1), 107–115.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-020-00403-1
Kocic, M., Stojanovic, Z., Nikolic, D., Lazovic, M., Grbic, R., Dimitrijevic, L., & Milenkovic, M. (2018). The effectiveness of group otago exercise program on physical function in nursing home residents older than 65 years: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, (75), 112–118.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.12.001
Kozinc, Z., Lofler, S., Hofer, C., Carraro, U., & Šarabon, N. (2020). Diagnostic balance tests for assessing risk of falls and distinguishing older adult fallers and non-fallers: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 10(9), 667.https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090667
Leem, S., Kim, J., & Lee, B. (2019). Effects of otago exercise combined with action observation training on balance and gait in the elderly people. Journal of exercise rehabilitation, 15(6), 848–854.https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1938720.360
Lytras, D., Sykaras, E., Iakovidis, P., Komisopoulos, C., Chasapis, G., & Mouratidou, C. (2022). Effects of a modified otago exercise program delivered through outpatient physical therapy to community-dwelling older adult fallers in Greece during the covid-19 pandemic: A controlled, randomized, multicenter trial. European geriatric medicine, 13(4), 893–906.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-022-00656-y
Martins, A., Santos, C., Silva, C., Baltazar, D., Moreira, J., & Tavares, N. (2018). Does modified otago exercise program improve balance in older people?: A systematic review. Preventive medicine reports, (11), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.06.015
Mittaz, A., Mathieu, N., Lenoble-Hoskovec, C., Swanenburg, J., de Bie, R., & Hilfiker, R. (2019). Effects of three home-based exercise programs regarding falls, quality of life and exercise-adherence in older adults at risk of falling: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC geriatrics, 19(1), 13.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-1021-y
Nam, S., Na, S., & Lee, D. (2020). Effects of otago exercise program on physical function and risk of falling in the fall experienced elderly. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 21(9), 424–431. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2020.21.9.424
Omaña, H., Bezaire, K., Brady, K., Davies, J., Louwagie, N., Power, S., Santin, S., & Hunter, S. (2021). Functional reach test, single-leg stance test, and tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment for the prediction of falls in older adults: A systematic review. Physical therapy, 101(10), pzab173.https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab173
Saftari, L., & Kwon, O. (2018). Aging vision and falls: A review. Journal of physiological anthropology, 37(1), 11.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-018-0170-1
Springer, B., Marin, R., Cyhan, T., Roberts, H., & Gill, N. (2007). Normative values for the unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed. Journal of geriatric physical therapy, 30(1), 8–15.https://doi.org/10.1519/00139143-200704000-00003
Thomas, E., Battaglia, G., Patti, A., Brusa, J., Leonardi, V., Palma, A., & Bellafiore, M. (2019). Physical activity programs for balance and fall prevention in elderly: A systematic review. Medicine, 98(27), 16218.https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016218
Vieira Costa, A., & Silva Dias, M. F. (2024). Esporte para pessoas idosas em Macapá, Brasil: um estudo de caso. Florence: Interdisciplinary Journal of Health and Sustainability, 2(1), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.56183/tf5bs825
Yang, X.J., Hill, K., Moore, K., Williams, S., Dowson, L., Borschmann, K., Simpson, J., & Dharmage, S. (2012). Effectiveness of a targeted exercise intervention in reversing older people's mild balance dysfunction: A randomized controlled trial. Physical Therapy, 92(1), 24-37.https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100289
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Milton Alejandro Pacheco Guzmán, Lisbeth Josefina Reales Chacón, Gerardo Fernando Fernández Soto, Richard Ismael Villacís Villacís, Shirley Abigail Quishpe Barroso
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
