Influencia de medicamentos antirretrovirales en el estado nutricional en pacientes con VIH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56183/iberojhr.v5i2.781Palavras-chave:
VIH, terapia antirretroviral, estado nutricional, lipodistrofia, revisión bibliográficaResumo
La infección por el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) continúa siendo un problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo. Si bien la terapia antirretroviral (TAR) ha logrado reducir significativamente la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas, su impacto sobre el estado nutricional de los pacientes es motivo de creciente interés. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de los medicamentos antirretrovirales en el estado nutricional de pacientes con VIH mediante una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva. La búsqueda de información se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y LILACS, seleccionando artículos originales publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en inglés y español, que evaluaron parámetros antropométricos, bioquímicos y clínicos. De 144 artículos encontrados, 19 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados muestran que la TAR favorece la recuperación inmunológica y el aumento de peso en algunos pacientes, pero también está asociada con efectos adversos como lipodistrofia, alteraciones metabólicas, resistencia a la insulina y riesgo de desnutrición debido a síntomas gastrointestinales. Se concluye que la TAR influye de manera significativa en el estado nutricional, por lo que es esencial implementar estrategias de monitoreo nutricional y soporte dietético complementario para optimizar los resultados terapéuticos y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con VIH.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Cristhian Fabian Mena Segovia, Constanza Michelle Parreño Freire
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