Uso de la terapia cognitivo-conductual en el tratamiento de trastornos obsesivo-compulsivos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56183/iberojhr.v5i2.831Palavras-chave:
Trastornos obsesivo-compulsivos, Terapia cognitivo-conductual, Tratamiento, Salud mental, Técnicas terapéuticas, Psicoterapia.Resumo
La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) ha demostrado ser una intervención eficaz en el tratamiento de los trastornos obsesivo-compulsivos (TOC), posicionándose como el enfoque terapéutico de primera línea. Este artículo de revisión narrativa explora los fundamentos teóricos, las técnicas principales y la evidencia empírica que respalda su uso en pacientes con TOC. La TCC combina estrategias cognitivas, como la reestructuración de pensamientos disfuncionales, con técnicas conductuales, destacando la exposición con prevención de respuesta (EPR) como su componente central. La EPR busca reducir la ansiedad asociada a las obsesiones mediante la exposición gradual y controlada, evitando las compulsiones que perpetúan el ciclo del trastorno. Además, se analizan adaptaciones para casos complejos y comorbilidades, así como las limitaciones y desafíos en su implementación. Los estudios revisados indican tasas significativas de mejora en los síntomas y la calidad de vida de los pacientes, consolidando a la TCC como una herramienta clave en el abordaje del TOC. Sin embargo, persiste la necesidad de investigaciones que profundicen en su eficacia a largo plazo y en poblaciones diversas. Este análisis proporciona una visión integral para profesionales interesados en optimizar el tratamiento de este trastorno.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Rafael Hernández Pineda, Cristian Santiago Jácome Granda, Daysi Fernanda Pazmiño Lascano, Ángel Daniel Villegas Rassa, Andrea Carolina Cisneros Oñate, Jackeline Nicole Menéndez Sornoza, Vanessa Carolina Millán Rodríguez, Erika Johanna Buenaño Méndez
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